CONFRONTATION STRATÉGIQUE ENTRE LES ÉTATS-UNIS, ISRAËL ET L'IRAN : RECOMPOSITIONS GÉOPOLITIQUES DU MOYEN-ORIENT ET IMPLICATIONS SUR L'ORDRE INTERNATIONAL CONTEMPORAIN

Abstract

The strategic balance of power between the United States, Israel, and the Islamic Republic of Iran is currently one of the major flashpoints within the international system. This competition goes far beyond a simple bilateral or regional conflict, as it encompasses issues relating to global security, nuclear deterrence, military alliances, the flow of energy resources, coercive diplomacy, and the evolution of global power relations. Embedded in the geopolitical context of the Middle East, this conflict involves both state and non-state actors, dynamics of historical rivalry, asymmetric approaches, and mechanisms of regional and global power projection.

This article aims to examine the geopolitical and geostrategic foundations of this conflict through three dimensions: to identify the real stakes for the major actors involved and to assess the regional and global impact of the situation. More specifically, it seeks to examine the geopolitical importance of the Middle East, to map alliances and alignment trends, to analyze the distinct strategic objectives of the United States, Israel, and Iran, and to assess the impact of this crisis on multilateralism, energy security, Western capabilities, and the reorganization of the international order. This research is based on a qualitative approach relying on documentary analysis, the consultation of authoritative scholarly works, the use of contemporary institutional reports, and the critical analysis of current international affairs.

The study shows that the United States seeks to maintain its strategic dominance in the Middle East, protect Israel, limit Iran's influence, and ensure the security of global energy flows. Israel regards Iran as a major strategic threat because of its nuclear potential, its missile arsenal, and its network of regional allies. Iran, for its part, has developed a strategy aimed at preserving the regime, ensuring strategic depth, and achieving asymmetric deterrence based on drones, missiles, cyber capabilities,